Amount of Production and Trade; Turkey takes the seventh place in almonds world production where it produces about 83,000 tons.As the USA takes the first place whose production reaches about 1,8 million tonss of the world almonds production where it is provided while Australia takes the second place then Spain ,Morocco,İran and Syria.
Use of Rootstock; Mostly the almond and peach seeds are preferred as rootstocks for almonds. Cultivated plants (Texas, Garrigue, Atocha, Desmaya) species and wild (bitter) almonds' seeds are used as rootstocks. These rootstocks resist to arid conditions. Seed rootstocks of almond are sensitive to Root Cancer, Root Fungi, Oak Root Fungi, Verticilium paleness, and root tumor and wound nematodes.
On the other hand, peach rootstocks are sensitive to aridity and lime and have more shallow roots compared to almonds. They can yield earlier on peach rootstocks but their lifetime shortens. In recent years, hybrids of peach and almonds started to be used as rootstocks and the most important one is GF 677. This rootstock is sensitive to root cancer, oak root fungi and vertisilium. Other peach - almond hybrids are 557 Hansen 2168 Hansen 536, and Adafuel. New rootstocks like Gadaman, Barrier-1 and GN-15 L(Garnem), GN-22 (Felinem) started to be commonly used in recent years.
Establishing a Garden, Cultivation Systems and Budding; Majority of the almond types don't fertilize each other therefore sufficient amount of fertilizers should be planted. Texas, Peerless, Nu Plus Utra, Thampson and Carmen species should be used as fertilizers for the most common specie Nonpareil. No Plus Ultra, Peerless species bloom early following the Texas, Carmen and Thampson Nonpareil Tuono specie don't make fertilization. Ferragnes, Ferrastar and Ferraduel species fertilize each other.
Trees grow strong in almonds and form a semi-broad crown. Therefore, goble and modified leader cultivation systems should be applied. Yielding budding is performed on trees in full fruit. Lifetime of branches on an almond tree is 5 years. 3 main branches should exist around the leader branch, extending directions of these branches should be different and there must be some gap between. In places with extreme sunbathing, different peak branch cultivation system is applied. No rough budding is applied on almonds contrary to the peach. Non-fruit branches, branches with may bouquets on should be cut off and tree should be encouraged to make new shootings.
Diseases and Pests; Root cancer is the most important disease for almonds and farmers should pay attention to keep the garden and the stock free from diseases. Other important diseases are Taphrina deformans and Corineum Beijerinckii. Pests are Almond warm, Kapnodis and leaf leeches.
